2.2.1 Motherboard Functions - Notes
How a PC Processes Data
- All data is processed as binary code using 1s and 0s.
- The CPU executes instructions and performs the compute and processing function.
- The motherboard connects all components through bus interfaces.
- Instructions and data are stored with transistors and capacitors and transmitted as electrical signals across the bus.
Storage Hierarchy
| Type | Speed | Volatile? |
|---|---|---|
| Cache | Fastest | Yes, volatile |
| CPU registers | Fastest | Yes, volatile |
| RAM | Fast | Yes, nonpersistent and loses data when powered off |
| Mass storage (HDD/SSD) | Slow | No, data persists when off |
| Removable storage | Slowest | No, data persists |
System Clock
- Synchronizes all PC operations.
- Provides the basic timing signal for the CPU.
- Measured in MHz or GHz.
- Clock multipliers adjust the timing signal so different buses can run at different speeds.
Motherboard Basics
- The motherboard type determines system speed and what devices or adapter cards can be installed.
- Major manufacturers include AOpen (Acer), ASRock, ASUSTek, Biostar, EVGA, Gigabyte, Intel, and MSI.
- Each motherboard supports specific CPU ranges.
- PC CPUs are primarily made by Intel and AMD.